Psychosocial theory Essay Example for Free

Psychosocial theory EssayErik H. Erikson adapted and expanded Freuds theory of development to include the entire life span, believing that mess continue to develop throughout life. He describes eight stages of development. Erikson envisions life as a sequence of levels of achievement. Each stage signals a task that must be achieved. The resolution of the task can be complete, partial, or unsuccessful.Erikson believes that the greater the task achievement, the healthier the soulality of the person failure to achieve a task influences the persons ability to achieve the next task. These developmental tasks can be viewed as a series of crises, and successful resolution of these crises is supportive to the persons ego. Failure to sever the crises is damaging to the ego. Eriksons eight stages reflect both constructive and negative aspects of the critical life periods.The resolution of the conflicts at each stage enables the person to break down effectively in society. Each phase ha sits developmental task, and the individual must find a balance between, for example, trust versus mistrust or rightfulness versus despair. When using Eriksons developmental framework, nurses should be aware of indicators of positive and negative resolution of each stage. It is also important to be aware that the environment is extremely influential in development, according to Erikson.One can enhance an individuals development by being aware of the persons developmental stage and by helping the person develop coping skills relative to stressors experienced at that level. One can strengthen an individuals positive resolution of a developmental task by providing the individual with appropriate opportunities and encouragement. For example, a 10- year- old child can be encouraged to be creative, to hold on schoolwork, and to learn how to accomplish these tasks within the limitations imposed by health.Erikson emphasizes that people must change and adapt their behavior to maintain go through over their lives. In his view, no stage in personality development can be bypassed, but people can become fixated at one stage or sink to a previous stage under anxious or stressful conditions. For example, a middle- aged woman who has never satisfactorily accomplished the task of resolving identity versus role confusion might regress to an earlier stage when stressed by an illness with which she cannot cope.Eriksons eight stages of development include Infancy, primordial task is trust versus mistrust Early Childhood, key task is autonomy versus shame and doubt Late Childhood, central task is initiative versus guilt civilise Age, central task is industry versus inferiority Adolescence, central task is identity versus role confusion Young Adulthood, central task is intimacy versus isolation Adulthood, central task is generativity versus stagnation and Maturity, in which the central task is integrity versus despair.The indicators of positive resolution for each stages are learning to trust others for Infancy self control without loss of self esteem, ability to cooperate and to express oneself for Early Childhood learning the degree to which assertiveness and purpose influence the environment, beginning ability to pronounce ones own behavior for Late Childhood beginning to create, develop, and manipulate, developing mind of competence and perseverance for School age coherent sense of self, plans to actualize ones abilities for Adolescence intimate relationship with another person, commitment to work and relationships for Young Adulthood creativity, productivity, concern for others for Adulthood and acceptance of worth and singularity of ones own life, acceptance of death for Maturity or in the last stage of life of being an adult.